Puritain Essay Essay Example

Puritain Essay Puritanismfirst began during the 1560s when a gathering of men needed to cleanse the congregation of England of diocesans, church courts and different leftovers of Catholicism.The essential standards of Puritanism were from the individuals who were Swiss reformers, Huldreich Zwingli and John Calvin.They expelled organs and decorations from the holy places and the subbed customary dress for administrative robes.They likewise ceased ensemble singing to disentangle community gatherings. Individuals were called Puritans since they criticized the Decrees of the Convocation.They were likewise called Protestant Non-Conformists.A Puritan was an English Protestant who accepted that the Reformers of the earlier century didn't convey their changes far enough.The additionally felt that the congregation expected to experience further refinement from what the effectively viewed as unscriptural and degenerate types of love that were established by the Roman Catholic church.Self-discipline in suppli cation, study, and love were profoundly worried on the puritan otherworldly life.Samuel Taylor Coleridge once said that, the Puritans, were the most noteworthy assortment of men which the world has ever delivered. In the late 1620s, the Puritans began building up their state at Massachusetts Bay.The Boston and Plymouth settlements were unmistakable political and strict entities.Although there were numerous contrasts between the two gatherings, they were neighborly with one another. The Puritans needed to stay as a component of the English foundation, and work for scriptural reform.As they moved to New England, they got their ;Englishness; status.They saw the primary explanation of their settlement as a scriptural observer, a ;city on a slope; that would set a case of scriptural nobility in the congregation for Old England and the remainder of the world to see. English Puritans were known as Friends (Quakers), Baptists, Congregationalists, Seekers, Presbyterians (Scotland), Ranters a nd Lev

Customized Learning Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Altered Learning Theory - Research Paper Example Additionally with the headway in the work on instructive grounds, Experiential Learning can be used to make an understudy focused study hall setting. Learning Theory and its significance ELT gives a thorough learning process model just as multi-direct portrayal of grown-up advancement that are commonly steady with what is accepted of the learning, development and improvement instrument of people. It stresses on understanding, which helps in recognizing it from the social and intellectual speculations of learning. Another explanation of being known as experiential hypothesis is its starting point from crafted by thinkers like Piaget, Dewey and Lewin. It incorporates the philosophical sober mindedness of Dewey, social mental parts of Lewin’s work and the constructivist model of Piaget. In this manner it tends to be said that it gives a comprehensive model of learning in grown-ups proposed to clarify the distinctions and complexities of grown-up learner’s capacities in a s olitary structure. The premise of this hypothesis is experience which is the fundamental inspiring intuition in learning (Eickmann, Kolb and Kolb, 2004). Erikson demonstrated that educators need to create methods of affirming the possibilities of understudies by giving close thought to their exercises and recognizing and offering to them the zones of their center fitness. So an expansion in the hour of communication of instructor and understudy is destined to happen as the time went through by the educator with understudy increments. The hypothesis of Erickson proposed the effect of an educator on the learning ability of pre-adult understudies. This hypothesis fundamentally accentuates on the job of educator in the scholarly learning of understudies and is fused to comprehend... As indicated by the exploration discoveries to build up a learning network dependent on comprehensive setting and guaranteeing capacity gathering, teacher needs to acknowledge and think about the individual contrasts among the understudies inside a study hall. The educator needs to perform at its best level to guarantee successful conveyance of information. Understudies ought to be urged by educators to make individual finding while effectively conveying. In a perfect world, the instructors would be constantly centered around t he needs of understudies and they ought to have high inspiration to expand their insight and there would be exorbitant assets to outfit the necessities of a learning network. However, in a true in no way like this exists. This present reality varies from a perfect world from multiple points of view. So the instructor needs to dissect this present reality circumstance and propose a methodology that may help in modification of this present reality inconveniences . Genuine world requires endeavors from all side inside the constrained assets accessible. To viably conceptualize the learning, a combination is required between the development of specialists and understudies. By differentiating and contrasting the development of understudies and specialists, an understanding can be picked up by the understudies into both and they may re-conceptualize themselves to accomplish closeness to that of the specialists. Being looked by the imperatives of reality, educator need to part their consideration among differing understudies of different roots, capacities, and premiums and learning styles.

Analysis of The Military Strategies of The Campaign of Mantinea essays

Examination of The Military Strategies of The Campaign of Mantinea papers Examination Of The Military Strategies Of The Campaign Of Mantinea The Peloponnesian War crossed many, numerous years wherein two principle groups, the Spartans and the Athenians, were warring for the control of Greece alongside the many encompassing towns; numerous with their own plans. I will do an examination of one specific crusade; the battle of Mantinea battled in the year 362 B.C.E. To do this I initially should uncover a portion of the key players in this battle, particularly Epaminondas. Epaminondas, a Theban general, was accused of the assignment to make the Peloponnese as feeble as could reasonably be expected so they may surpass it with the least obstruction. To do this the Thebans must play the two sides of the war. The Thebans were probably aligned with the Spartans however in those occasions that made a difference little, bargains were poor and recovered every day. Epaminondas had with him all the Boeotians, the Euboeans and huge numbers of the Thessalians; and keeping in mind that the Phocians were limited by bargain to help the Thebans they found no thinking in the arrangement to legitimize them helping with a remote intrusion. This was of little worry to Epaminondas seeing as once they were in the Peloponesse they had the assistance of the Argives, Messenians, the Tegeans, the Megalopolitans, the Aseans, and the Pallantians. (Xenophon. 396-397) Realizing he had the help of numerous groups, Epaminondas hurried away into Peloponnese. He made it to the extent Nemea and concluded this was the main way the Athenian armed force could come to attack Peloponnese. He accepted any misfortune to the Athenians would at last advantage Thebes and rally his partners and demoralize those of the Athenians. Unbeknownst to him the powers restricting Thebes were gathering at Mantinea. Epaminondas' decision to utilize Nemea, as a striking point to wound the Athenians, was very much advocated however his knowledge was moderate. The Athenians had chosen as opposed to walking to Peloponnese they would cruise into the bay of Argolis... <!

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs Essay

School clubs have been a piece of college life since the absolute first organizations and sororities were made. In the event that the understudy so picks, the individual in question can make school a memorable encounter by joining a club. They go from things like news-casting and math to sports, for example, soccer or lacrosse. Individuals who join these clubs will in general know quite a bit about the subject or in any event, an enthusiasm for finding out about it. There is a club for all that you can consider, and if there isn’t, it isn't that difficult to begin one. Clubs in school, albeit like those in secondary school, are very unique in the sorts of individuals and the assortment of societies united by the sheer size and bore of a school. The significance and advantages of school clubs can't be numbered, for the understudies as well as for the network. In spite of the fact that there are bunch advantages to joining a school club, some have raised potential issues with joining or having the option to join clubs. Scholastically, school clubs have meddled with a student’s profitability, especially in the zones of schoolwork and contemplating. This leads into the monetary issues with school clubs; understudies at times experience difficulty having the option to pay charges to join clubs that they might want to join and along these lines can be denied of the experience essentially on account of money related issues. At last the social point of view: a few sociologists have been directed to the end that school clubs have, in a few cases, messed social up for understudies due to the associations individuals accidentally make between a club name or theme and an assumption about what it might concern. These contentions, while legitimate, don't exceed the advantages got from joining clubs. Joining a club during your first year of school is an incredible method to meet individuals who have comparative interests. Discovering companions in school can be troublesome. School clubs can help change that since they unite individuals from various societies and foundations and make a shared opinion where they can talk about their thoughts regarding a specific point in a protected situation without agonizing over being disparaged. School clubs are a path for individuals to set up their own financial status, or SES, inside the grounds and direct their qualities. Contingent upon the clubs accessible, individuals join the ones that will most suit them and make a notoriety just by the clubs they join. The different alternatives accompany different results and results during and after school. Marybeth Walpole, an Assistant Professor at Rowan University, has found that the clubs one joins have been demonstrated to shape the way one advances through school, and, now and again, totally modify the way one perspectives the world after school. John Foubert and Lauren Grainger investigated the mental advancement of understudies in their first year and those in their senior year and the contrasts between the two. They found that understudies who get included during their first year show greater improvement through the span of the multi year time span and are bound to keep on joining clubs and discover approaches to include themselves nearby. Clubs have a powerful and positive effect on both the understudies that partake in them and the grounds, or network, where they happen. Research on school clubs has been tried and uncovered a few fascinating realities about the connection between's scholastic execution and being a piece of a club. All in all, participating in a club has almost no impact on doing admirably scholastically in school. This speculation, taken from the factual investigation of an assortment of study reactions directed by Myrnell L. Martin, an alum of Missouri West, is applied with the information that most clubs are non-scholarly and rather bolster extra-curricular action. Many accept that clubs can meddle with schoolwork and study time in a student’s life. This can be valid if the understudy is sloppy and can't deal with a timetable. In light of this, a club can in this manner go about as an instrument to enable the understudy to oversee time all the more shrewdly. For most understudies, cooperation in a club permits the understudy to have a premise on which the person in question can make a timetable and mastermind their every day lives. Schoolwork and considering ought not assume a lower priority in relation to clubs yet unquestionably doesn't need to as long as the understudies considers the measure of work that must be done both for the club and outside of the club. This idea, of effective time the board, learned by the understudy on account of joining a club in school, would then be able to be applied outside of school in the working scene. Joining a club can cost a great deal, depending, obviously, on the club. Clubs whose charges are higher for the most part have littler gathering and a substantially more created program. Most clubs just require a couple of dollars using cash on hand, maybe twenty-five dollars all things considered, at the earliest reference point for little buys to a great extent. Those clubs that don’t require any expenses are generally the most populated and will have a more prominent possibility of bringing individuals from various foundations together. Despite the fact that clubs may charge expenses, numerous clubs will have installment alternatives or even sponsorships from different outsiders. This is really helpful for understudies who are extended as far as possible monetarily, particularly at costly colleges. Paying for club interest is typically an indication of value, and prompts an improved situation wherein the understudy can remove more from the experience. At the point when clubs charge an expense, it implies they have either exercises gotten ready for the club or conceivably some food and stuff consistently. While paying for a club doesn't seem like the most energizing thing on the planet for undergrads, it will well on the way to prompt an additionally compensating experience and greater pleasure from that club. School clubs have their place nearby, and are regularly broadly perceived as significant supporters of the grounds all in all. In extraordinary cases, clubs have formed into associations that have a significant impact in the goings-on nearby. These incorporate understudy overseeing associations and such which have created in light of the fact that understudies check out government and administering beliefs which help these understudies later on in life since they find out about the popularity based procedure in a hands-on condition, just as initiative abilities that can be applied no matter how you look at it. Clubs have a background marked by improving grounds life and including understudies in cultural activities to better the network. Edward Hartshorne led examine in this field and found that school is the perfect spot for ceaseless club associations and their all inclusive effect on the grounds. He reasons that each student’s sway ranges for a rough multi year â€Å"generation,† where there are the three years in front of the understudy as a first year recruit and afterward the three years behind the understudy as a senior. This accommodates a propagation of thoughts through ordinary contact which brings about a connection that can range for whatever length of time that the club or association chooses to proceed. This continuation of clubs and thoughts changes into a kind of â€Å"college culture†, depicted by Hartshorne as the maintaining of certain social â€Å"norms†, which were set up well before every age showed up and will keep on suffering after that age withdraws. I, myself, am as of now engaged with Cal Poly Club Lacrosse just as Formula SAE, and feel I am better for it. It permits me to escape from the scholastic side of school and do physical exercise in a way that suits me. I love playing lacrosse and however I think that its difficult to make the time duty I have consistently had the option to drive myself to make time in my timetable for all that I have to complete. Club lacrosse causes me to sort out myself since it makes a period pressure circumstance where I should deal with my time astutely and complete the schoolwork fundamental before I plan time for myself. In spite of the fact that I have had less time to do the things I need to do, for example, spend time with companions, I despite everything am ready to do these exercises, just with some restraint. Nonetheless, I achieve more since I endeavor to improve with the goal that I don’t need to worry over the little things. Lacrosse has likewise been an outlet for me to discover new companions nearby which I can depend on the grounds that I realize that lacrosse is significant for them also. Recipe SAE permits me to use what I’ve realized in school and apply it to genuine circumstances by structuring a racecar to go up against different schools. I have taken in a great deal from both the club understanding and different individuals from the club. This club additionally permits me to invest energy with different architects who are keen on vehicles. Clubs have certainly had any kind of effect in my life at Cal Poly and I’m that they can do likewise for all school green beans.

Essay Topics For 5th Grade Students

Essay Topics For 5th Grade StudentsYou can never go wrong with the subject choices you make when choosing essay topics for 5th grade students. If you do a search online you will find hundreds of resources for essay topics. The trick is to choose those topics that are interesting and that will challenge the students to write an excellent essay.Some of the recent topics include topics on public events, a teacher's quote, the United States constitution, the president, and many others. In addition, the subject options can be in the form of a review, a history lesson, a science lesson, a novel, or an essay about a person. The key is to choose the topics that engage the students and help them to express their thoughts in a very meaningful way.For those teachers who feel that they cannot provide a good introduction for students, it would be beneficial to consult with other teachers who can provide subject choices for your classroom. If there are no other choices, you may want to ask student s to comment on the topic choices. Ask them what types of questions come to mind when the topic is mentioned. Students love to give answers, especially about topics that interest them and have been at home.If you wish to establish a timeline for how long students should spend on writing, you can always consider suggesting topic ideas that cover the entire span of one year. This allows the students to devote some time each day to essay writing. When possible, you can also incorporate visual aids such as charts, graphs, and tables.Asking students to write an essay in a particular time frame gives you an opportunity to assess the skills that they possess. This is an effective way to know if they are prepared to take on a more interesting assignment or not. You can determine whether or not they will be able to express themselves clearly. In the end, youwill know if they are capable of completing their assigned task.When planning the course syllabus, ensure that the topic chosen for the assignment is something that the students have no hesitation in writing a correct essay on. For instance, you may want to suggest a topic about public events, but ask the students to write about public events from the perspective of a political activist or a religious leader. In fact, students are more likely to express their opinions and feelings when they know that their views will be heard by a wide audience.You can also consider finding formal essay topics that are written in the style of essay experts. This can help the students learn about essay writing techniques and give them the feel of writing for a specific audience. In the end, they will be able to learn what steps to take in order to make their idea and facts appear convincing.Finally, a final touch up will involve incorporating creative visuals into the essay. They should be able to see pictures or words on a screen so that they can more easily follow the direction of the writer. They will also appreciate having an out line which will help them to think of certain topics that they can include in their essay.

Enviromental Ethics Essay - 2200 Words

Enviromental ethics (Essay Sample) Content: NameTutorCourseDateEnvironmental ethicsIn the past decade, there has been proliferating debate on the role of global environmental ethics on society. Interesting topics such as improper industrialization, environmental damage, and waste dumping have been some of the debates. This helps to determine extend at which these environmental ethics framework have engaged in and the collective principles they are operating on to result into universal well being of the ecosystem CITATION Dav05 \p 54 \l 1033 (Knights 54).Global Environmental ethics majorly refers to democratic management by human inhibitors to the ecosystem. It stems from the relationship and corporation to the entire society. Its main interest includes socio-economic development, equal treatment, solidarity, volunteering, justice, and peace. This calls for mangers to be responsible for unsafe product, environmental pollution, and unjust competition within their mandate of operation CITATION Wap09 \p 432 \l 10 33 (Wapner 432).Since its inaugural in 1970s, environmental ethics disciplines have focused on the best ways human needs to tend to the ecosystem. It is acknowledged that majority of the world population cares very less about rivers, plants and the general environment. Environmental ethics is in a reasonable quest for these questions, Theorist and scholars have provided various answers such as modernity and its technological use, patriarchy and consequential exploitation of nature CITATION Kar07 \p 435 \l 1033 (Bakker 435).Although not fully focused on moral issues, global environmental ethics squarely intersect between human and nature, with the aim of revealing how institutions and transitional forces exacerbate how human ill-treat the ecosystem. Studies indicate how increased demographic trends, urbanization, and industrial revolutions diminishing the water catchment areas. Moreover, the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s failure to manage common pool of resource limits the proper utilization of environmental resources CITATION Sto05 \p 156 \l 1033 (Meyer 156).The environmental ethics have championed the campaign for human right to water. This campaigns usually anti-privatization of the numerous projects of this essential commodity. Many governments and bilateral aid agencies have pointed out that free access to this commodity will result into its efficient use. This will achieve the universal water supply to all. Privatization is considered as an ethical standard of regulating this resource and encourages the role of neoliberalization that tampers with the role of global environmental ethics CITATION Ron07 \p 372 \l 1033 (Ronald Paul Hill 372).The growths of universal environmental concern have necessitated countries to develop universal ethical standards. This is due to believe that proper development of these ethical standards is a solution to better cohesion between human and the environment. The global ethics is formulated from agreements of organizations, soci eties and the environment regarding the ethical behavior and framework in a given situation CITATION Hor09 \p 423 \l 1033 (Horà ¡cio Faustino 423).Extend where countries are integrated into global community, environmental ethics usually provide a little challenge. When humans reflect on environmental ethical practices, they simply contribute to the best sense and good within community. In these terms, global environmental ethics usually represent enormous positive utilization of ethical standards.Reflection of the scholarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ efforts to upgrade international environmental ethics into standard platform, it is possible for an individual to conclude that it is s still at its infancy. Delineate cases on moral issues such as; corruption, wastage, and pollution are still matters of great concern. This has lead to water scarcity, climate change, green house effect, and loss of biological diversity, thereby showing lack of commitment by several countries to the global ethical sta ndards and moral sensitivity to these environmental occurrences (Damasio 134).Globalization benefits can only be maximally exploited without applying utilitarian ethics. It should be based on fundamentalism of human being and understanding. Studies indicate that the maximum egocentric utility does not lead to universal happiness. The successful strategy to exploit these resources effectively is always altruistic gene that campaigns for equality in humans. This will result in equitable distribution, understanding, and better management (Baldin et al 167).Expanding on the literature of moral thinkers such as Socrates, scholars continue to view there are moral issues circumnavigating interface between nature and human should be critically analyzed. It is observed that human beings systematically exploit the others using nature as a medium. This shows that the current global environmental ethics framework is still at preliminary stages to enjoy universal acceptance. Therefore, eco/bioet hics orientation is still a quest of discussion and exploitation as the best move to highlight the moral obligations related to environmental ethics to the rest of the world (Rachael 450).Focusing on this human-nature relationship as the core subject of analysis provides the question on human attention towards environmental ethics. Resources such as water are considered non-renewable since they can replenish themselves if not managed well. Therefore, proper ethical measures should be undertaken globally to manage them (Ronald et al 254).These dangerous waste disposal to the space, have been have detrimental effects to the ignorant and underprivileged members living downstream. For example the deal that was made between Benin and France for the former to accept, industrial and radioactive waste disposal for 30 years for $1.6 million. To mesmerize, there is quite greater economic implications to these countries while trying to save the environment (Huracio et al 30).As human depends e ntirely on the environment, dumping of waste products should be a great subject of consideration. When excessive amounts of wastes are dumped to the environment, we expose air, water, and land to greater levels of toxicity. Overuse of agricultural items such as pesticides and firtilizers are possible to break into quite lethal substances in our water sources called DDT. Currently greenhouse gas emission and carbon dioxide is overwhelming our water bodies leading to climate change (Hume).The other set of challenge to the water system is the transformation of the landscape and the ecosystem. Environmentalists have observed that urban expansion and industrial revolution have encroached to replace natural habitats. These human patterns are created to meet certain geographical standards such as urbanization without considering the global implications. This is termed as lack of integrity to ecosystem preservation (Bakker 434).In several circumstances, it is observed that politically power ful countries and wealthier nations extract their resources such as minerals, timber, and exotic species without proper consideration the environmental degradation implication. They exploit these resources without concern for their own territories and others. They divert these implications to the poor and less developed countries thus raising the question of universal environmental ethics (Damasio 234).The implication of environmental harm such as water wastage, pollution, and environmental degradation occurs across space, time, and harm globally rather than on per-capita country basis. This requires all the countries to oblige to sustainable development that takes into considerations of the future generation needs. Therefore emphasize should be made on proper environmental conservation (Wapner 205).It is observed that when countries import what they are not willing to produce usually leads to environmental degradation. They displace resource challenges across space. This is possibl e due to power difference, and lack of moral sensitivity between exploiters and the exploited thereby constraining the obligations of global environmental ethics. People failure to pay for the ecological spaces they are using to dispose their waste also trigger the ethical sustainability of water and other natural resources. These wastes can inadvertently drift to other countries to influence them negatively (Meyer et al 170).Sustainab... Enviromental Ethics Essay - 2200 Words Enviromental ethics (Essay Sample) Content: NameTutorCourseDateEnvironmental ethicsIn the past decade, there has been proliferating debate on the role of global environmental ethics on society. Interesting topics such as improper industrialization, environmental damage, and waste dumping have been some of the debates. This helps to determine extend at which these environmental ethics framework have engaged in and the collective principles they are operating on to result into universal well being of the ecosystem CITATION Dav05 \p 54 \l 1033 (Knights 54).Global Environmental ethics majorly refers to democratic management by human inhibitors to the ecosystem. It stems from the relationship and corporation to the entire society. Its main interest includes socio-economic development, equal treatment, solidarity, volunteering, justice, and peace. This calls for mangers to be responsible for unsafe product, environmental pollution, and unjust competition within their mandate of operation CITATION Wap09 \p 432 \l 10 33 (Wapner 432).Since its inaugural in 1970s, environmental ethics disciplines have focused on the best ways human needs to tend to the ecosystem. It is acknowledged that majority of the world population cares very less about rivers, plants and the general environment. Environmental ethics is in a reasonable quest for these questions, Theorist and scholars have provided various answers such as modernity and its technological use, patriarchy and consequential exploitation of nature CITATION Kar07 \p 435 \l 1033 (Bakker 435).Although not fully focused on moral issues, global environmental ethics squarely intersect between human and nature, with the aim of revealing how institutions and transitional forces exacerbate how human ill-treat the ecosystem. Studies indicate how increased demographic trends, urbanization, and industrial revolutions diminishing the water catchment areas. Moreover, the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s failure to manage common pool of resource limits the proper utilization of environmental resources CITATION Sto05 \p 156 \l 1033 (Meyer 156).The environmental ethics have championed the campaign for human right to water. This campaigns usually anti-privatization of the numerous projects of this essential commodity. Many governments and bilateral aid agencies have pointed out that free access to this commodity will result into its efficient use. This will achieve the universal water supply to all. Privatization is considered as an ethical standard of regulating this resource and encourages the role of neoliberalization that tampers with the role of global environmental ethics CITATION Ron07 \p 372 \l 1033 (Ronald Paul Hill 372).The growths of universal environmental concern have necessitated countries to develop universal ethical standards. This is due to believe that proper development of these ethical standards is a solution to better cohesion between human and the environment. The global ethics is formulated from agreements of organizations, soci eties and the environment regarding the ethical behavior and framework in a given situation CITATION Hor09 \p 423 \l 1033 (Horà ¡cio Faustino 423).Extend where countries are integrated into global community, environmental ethics usually provide a little challenge. When humans reflect on environmental ethical practices, they simply contribute to the best sense and good within community. In these terms, global environmental ethics usually represent enormous positive utilization of ethical standards.Reflection of the scholarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ efforts to upgrade international environmental ethics into standard platform, it is possible for an individual to conclude that it is s still at its infancy. Delineate cases on moral issues such as; corruption, wastage, and pollution are still matters of great concern. This has lead to water scarcity, climate change, green house effect, and loss of biological diversity, thereby showing lack of commitment by several countries to the global ethical sta ndards and moral sensitivity to these environmental occurrences (Damasio 134).Globalization benefits can only be maximally exploited without applying utilitarian ethics. It should be based on fundamentalism of human being and understanding. Studies indicate that the maximum egocentric utility does not lead to universal happiness. The successful strategy to exploit these resources effectively is always altruistic gene that campaigns for equality in humans. This will result in equitable distribution, understanding, and better management (Baldin et al 167).Expanding on the literature of moral thinkers such as Socrates, scholars continue to view there are moral issues circumnavigating interface between nature and human should be critically analyzed. It is observed that human beings systematically exploit the others using nature as a medium. This shows that the current global environmental ethics framework is still at preliminary stages to enjoy universal acceptance. Therefore, eco/bioet hics orientation is still a quest of discussion and exploitation as the best move to highlight the moral obligations related to environmental ethics to the rest of the world (Rachael 450).Focusing on this human-nature relationship as the core subject of analysis provides the question on human attention towards environmental ethics. Resources such as water are considered non-renewable since they can replenish themselves if not managed well. Therefore, proper ethical measures should be undertaken globally to manage them (Ronald et al 254).These dangerous waste disposal to the space, have been have detrimental effects to the ignorant and underprivileged members living downstream. For example the deal that was made between Benin and France for the former to accept, industrial and radioactive waste disposal for 30 years for $1.6 million. To mesmerize, there is quite greater economic implications to these countries while trying to save the environment (Huracio et al 30).As human depends e ntirely on the environment, dumping of waste products should be a great subject of consideration. When excessive amounts of wastes are dumped to the environment, we expose air, water, and land to greater levels of toxicity. Overuse of agricultural items such as pesticides and firtilizers are possible to break into quite lethal substances in our water sources called DDT. Currently greenhouse gas emission and carbon dioxide is overwhelming our water bodies leading to climate change (Hume).The other set of challenge to the water system is the transformation of the landscape and the ecosystem. Environmentalists have observed that urban expansion and industrial revolution have encroached to replace natural habitats. These human patterns are created to meet certain geographical standards such as urbanization without considering the global implications. This is termed as lack of integrity to ecosystem preservation (Bakker 434).In several circumstances, it is observed that politically power ful countries and wealthier nations extract their resources such as minerals, timber, and exotic species without proper consideration the environmental degradation implication. They exploit these resources without concern for their own territories and others. They divert these implications to the poor and less developed countries thus raising the question of universal environmental ethics (Damasio 234).The implication of environmental harm such as water wastage, pollution, and environmental degradation occurs across space, time, and harm globally rather than on per-capita country basis. This requires all the countries to oblige to sustainable development that takes into considerations of the future generation needs. Therefore emphasize should be made on proper environmental conservation (Wapner 205).It is observed that when countries import what they are not willing to produce usually leads to environmental degradation. They displace resource challenges across space. This is possibl e due to power difference, and lack of moral sensitivity between exploiters and the exploited thereby constraining the obligations of global environmental ethics. People failure to pay for the ecological spaces they are using to dispose their waste also trigger the ethical sustainability of water and other natural resources. These wastes can inadvertently drift to other countries to influence them negatively (Meyer et al 170).Sustainab...

The Best Hunt - Original Writing Essay - 983 Words

The Best hunt I’d finally done it. I was hooked. The blood of a fresh kill laid upon the ground. After seven years of intensive hunting, stalking, and tracking I had killed my first deer. All of the blood, sweat, tears, and countless hours devout. It was done. All of it became worth it at the very end. I was 16, burnt out, and ready to give deer hunting a rest. I had hunted for seven long drawn out years, and never could get a shot at a deer. Many times I had gone only to no avail. There were times I went and never even seen a deer. But that all changed on the evening of October 26, 2013. This was my first time hunting alone. I was on my own, on my four wheeler, rifle on my back, and backpack on the four wheeler rack. I was headed to a new spot, only a few miles from my home in Rockwood. My hopes weren’t very high seeing what had happened every other hunt I’d ever been on. I had arrived at the spot to park my four wheeler and start my trek to the field I wanted to hunt through the over grown forest and undergrowth and brush thickets of briars. As I walked through thicket after thicket my patience began to diminish. I thought to myself, â€Å"how much farther of a walk is this, if I’m even going the right direction†. I was starting to wish I hadn’t decided to go hunting that evening. Although I had my regrets, and doubts, I returned to the slow stalking and sneaky pace. Kelley 2 I knew to myself that it was called hunting for a reason, but I was growing restlessShow MoreRelatedRobinson Jeffers: Life and Poetry1089 Words   |  4 Pagesdomesticated, it is wilder and more natural† (qtd. in Hunt, â€Å"Prose†). Robinson Jeffers said this about poetry, and a reader can feel this in his poems. Jeffers lived an interesting and fulfilling life. He enjoyed the solitude of his home on Carmel Point, and spending time with his family. 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Notes On Human Resource Management Essay - 2237 Words

Surname Bista First Name Arpana Student ID 2015009711 Name of Programme Post Graduate Diploma in Business Enterprise Name of Paper GBE 805: Human Resource Management in Innovation Facilitator Fiona Tyrie Assignment # 1 Total No. of Pages 8 (Including cover) Submission Date 22/04/2015 Date received by facilitator ------------------- Date returned to student ------------------- 1. Purpose Human resource is a vital component of every organisation for their effective function and achievement of their objectives. This report includes the information regarding the needs of successful human resources in an enterprise along with the performance management system of the external business (CE Construction Pvt Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal). The main aims of this report are to learn about the performance management system in the external environment and to implement those gained knowledge in my business. 2. Introduction Performance management is the system of an organisation to verify all employees are fully aware of their responsibilities and duties which accomplish an overall organisational mission. Performance management is â€Å"process by which the company manages its performance in line with its corporate and functional strategies and purposes.† (Bititci, Carrie and McDevitt, 1997). The sole objectives of the performance management are setting performance aims and expectations for the company,Show MoreRelatedNotes On Human Resource Management3007 Words   |  13 PagesHRM502 Human Resource Management Submitted by: Submitted to: Andrea Sloan Final Report of Holden â€Æ' EXECTIVE SUMMARY Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Layoff planning of Holden 4 2.1Downsizing 5 2.2 Alternatives to downsizing 5 2.3 Limitations 5 2.4 Benefits of downsizing for Holden 6 3. 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Safety During The Vietnam War - 1645 Words

Safety During Battle: Vietnam War Andy Nguyen Junior Division Individual Paper Fire, ash, cinders, and smoke. A loud noise comes from overhead. People are screaming and running in terror. A bomb has went off. This sequence of events happened multiple times during the Vietnam War. Many soldiers died, and even more citizens died. In the past, there may have not been many laws/regulations that protect citizens to prevent casualties, but everyone learns from their past. Apparently the world hasnt learned. Recent and on-going wars still have citizens, even if they are fighting, are dying.The Vietnam War was devastating, but citizens didn t deserve to die; it should be a right to be safe during the time of a war, and is should be the†¦show more content†¦In the end though, North Vietnam won by their strategy and wit, and Vietnam became a communist country. Vietnam has beautiful sceneary. The trees are green, the outdoors smell great, and the beaches are breath taking, but was it always like this? The answer is no, the green jungle, the lovely smell, the beautiful beaches used to be a hidden base headquarters, the smell of gunpowder, and the beaches used to be battlefields. But, what made this particular war stand out was the number of innocent casualties. This number was at and astounding 4,000,000, making up more than half of the war’s deaths. The Vietnam War was devastating, but citizens didn t deserve to die; it should be a right to be safe during the time of a war, and is should be the government s responsibility to keep citizens safe. Vietnam when it was first found was dominated by China. But when China went through turmoil, Vietnam rebelled and declared independence. But it was after all of the years under the ruling of China, the culture of Vietnam were very similar to China. Even the way of the politics was related. â€Å"The new Vietnamese state, ruled by an emperor, retained Chinese political institutions and values(Authentic History Center). Many entertainment purposes made from the Vietnam War were subtly reflecting off of the crisis raised by Vietnam during the time.

Analysis Of Grey s Anatomy And Television Show On Abc

Introduction Grey’s Anatomy is a popular television show on ABC that airs Thursday night’s at 7:00. In television land, this is known as a primetime slot. Season 11 has an average of 8.22 million viewers and has been renewed for one more season (Grey s Anatomy TV Show on ABC). Grey’s Anatomy is well-known for its mind blowing medical scenarios and incredibly talented doctors. Both of these leave viewers with pondering thoughts of what they would do in similar situations, and a bit of self confidence on handling a situation if an actual person collapsed in front of them. The study will examine the amount of viewers who binge watch the show between the ages of 17 and 21 declaring Pre-Med as their major at a four-year university because they believe it will be as easy as the television show depicts being a doctor is. Theory Framing Framing as defined by Robert Entman is â€Å"to frame a communicating text or message is to promote certain facets of a ‘perceived reality’ and make them more salient in such a way that endorses a specific problem definition, casual interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or a treatment recommendation (Cissel 68).† Framing is an extension of agenda-setting, which is when the media tells us what to think about (Sparks 228). By stimulating people’s thinking processes, the media can alter the outcome of their viewers thoughts. If Beyoncà © decided to do a surprise show in a small town of less than 100,000 people, the media could choose to cover the storyShow MoreRelatedDiversity at Disney5774 Words   |  24 Pages Disney Disney 2 For more than nine decades, the name Walt Disney has been preeminent in the field of family entertainment. From humble beginnings as a cartoon studio in the 1920s to today s global corporation, Disney continues to proudly provide quality entertainment for every member of the family, across America and around the world. The company is diversified, focusing on its mass media headquartered in Burbank, California (Iger, 2012)Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustrationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Overview of the Organization, Big Brothers Big Sisters of...

Big Brother Big Sister New York Introduction Big Brothers Big Sisters of New York is a non-profit organization who has a main mission to help children and adolescents achieve their potential dreams through professional support, person-to-person relationship with mentors. The mentors try to make it their goal to make a measurable impact on children and adolescents. It is one of the largest organizations that mentor children and adolescents from all communities. Big brother Big Sister mentoring programs have several chapters such as community-based mentoring, work place mentoring, school-based mentoring, and specialized mentoring. The most effective and influential of the mentoring programs is the community-based mentoring program. This is because it covers a wider population of the community, which involves children and adolescents (Grossman and Tierney). The Big Brother Big Sister mentoring program is effective in many communities because it has a positive effect on youth (adolescents) aged 10-16 years. They are tr ained on life skills that cover every aspect of their lives in future. It more likely that a youth who has participated in the Big Brother Big Sister program will not be involved in using illegal drugs or alcohol, skip school or start a fight with someone. It also makes them confident about their performances in school and at home and learns to develop health and steady relationships with people. 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Introduction to Health and Safety at Work-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Why should WHS Legislation be Standardised across Australia? 2.Who has responsibility for WHS? Do Trades Workers on site at any campus of Western Sydney have responsibilities for WHS? 3.What are the Key Elements of the Risk Management Process? 4.Why do Workers and Management have a bad attitude to Safety and how can this be addresse. Answers: Module Questions Week 6 Communication skills- Being able to note all important points highlighted by the interviewer, while being able to address all the questions asked by interviewer Academic qualifications- Answering job related or academic questions Work experience- Answering in-depth questions related to the job, potentially Passion/knowledge of industry/drive/commitment/attitude- Elaborating field related answers with examples from the industry or knowledge area (Friend Kohn, 2014) Team work skills- Participating actively in group discussion Critical reasoning and analytical skills/problem solving/lateral thinking/ technical skills- Solving analytical problems, handling potentially the critical turning points in group discussion Emotional intelligence- Showing self-awareness and empathising others, during group discussion 1.WHS laws are crucial for ensuring that all the staffs are safe in the workplace and for any kinds of health hazards, organization would be liable. All the states in Australia have not adopted the harmonised model of WHS laws. Although the WHS laws have gained high potential in regards to ensure Work Health and Safety laws through Australia, but Victoria and Western Australia have not adopted the model yet. After the federal election, Victoria and Western Australia will strategise in implementing the model work health and safety laws. This model in legislative framework would help t identify key hazards and risks associated to every organizational operation (Macdonald et al., 2011). Although there are some difficulties for Western Australia, for this it is important to make amendments similar t existing Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984. 2.The WHS Act 2011 highlights the responsibilities of officers of a PCBU. Therefore, the officer has the responsibility to undertake exercises for fulfilling its health and safety obligations under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011. In addition, supervisors have the responsibilities to supervise all the functions to ensure the adequacy of WHS operations. IN addition, WHS Committee, Workplace Advisory Committees, Workplace Advisory Representatives, Facilities Management Division have also specific responsibilities (Reese, 2015). 3.Yes, trades workers on site at any campus of Western Sydney have responsibilities for complying with the objectives of WHS legislative model in Australia. The key five elements of a risk management process are as follows: Identify the risk Analyze the risk Apply controls for the risk Evaluate the adequacy or effectiveness of the risk Monitor and review the risk 4.There are several reasons, why employees or management have bad attitude towards health and safety operations. Implementing health and safety policies usually enhances the responsibilities of every worker, thereby enhancing their duties in the organization. On the other hand, lack of support and awareness regarding the benefits of implementing health and safety policies in the organization, promote employees negative attitude towards safety. On the other hand, in case of management, implementing safety operations usually enhances the responsibilities of the management significantly. Management becomes liable to monitor the compliance of each employee in the safety framework and any kind of misconduct or non-compliance of employees with the safety objectives (Hughes Ferrett, 2011). Moreover, negative attitude of employees, lack of proper funding or compensations leads to bad attitude of management towards safety.

Availability and Sustainable Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Availability and Sustainable Management. Answer: Introduction Sustainable water and energy management is the driving role of a nation that adapts quick innovation and strategy to build better impact over the counties framework. These are the environmental accounts that take the demographical transition to the effective base of the country. Water has the highest value as the most risk orientation is depended on the availability of this environmental product. Natural water sustainability is the key underpinning function that provides infrastructural necessities and improves the quality of electricity, business, and artificial powers. In this report water and energy sustainability is being discussed and analyzed in comparing to Australia and Saudi Arabia. The approach and incorporated factors regarding this issues and government interventions for this process may surface the appropriate comparison of these factors. Technical innovations and evaluation process from non-governmental sector also make the difference in project implementation and these are also being discussed in this report. The Australian government has taken certain initiation to make sustainable conservation of natural resource in Australia. Water reformation is one such achievement that Australian government has done in recent days. Murray-Darling Basin plan is the sustaining mannerism of ecological function in Australian water reformation (Grafton and Horne 2014). Commonwealth water and environmental progression is the major helping process that provides sustainable future generation of ensuring healthy strong community, power impacts, rivers and food and fiber productions that provides the utmost clearance in the environment. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act is being implemented in a revised way so that strategic assessment form this act determine the impactful condition to sustain those natural waters and energy resources. There are several indigenous programs in Australia that invest maximum achievements and fulfill the developmental change in Australian environmental and economic indicators. In this act, the proposed urban development has been done where six new suburbs have been streamlined and facilities are delivered to the 13000 homes. In case of energy conservation and making good opportunities for the future, a certain process like QVMAG Museum where the reduced energy consumption has been proceeding and those facilities are used by the government for the further understanding (atse.org.au 2017). Heating and cultivation, radiant heater control all these are expected to save the electricity as well as the power consumption for the development of the nation for future implementation. Through all this, estimated process water can be saved by 15,400 KL per year and almost 425,000kWh energy can be saved in a year (Alshuwaikhat et al. 2017). This saved energy and water are the form of good resource for the better fixtures and conditions. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia Government has aimed for the better energy installation and concern over the future energy sustainable condition that may enrich their productiveness in power and natural resource accumulation. There is some technological assistance also used for this mentioned development, however, the implementation of policy and innovative thinking of adjusting the installation process enhance the quality and role of the process. WFES 2017 is the new master plan of Saudi Arabia that impact over the solar and wind process and resultant on the energy and water viability in Saudi Arabia (Thejaps.org.pk 2017). Energy trading and ventures are under this plan and that generated electricity and commits the Independent power purchase to provide huge opportunity in the national economy. UAE solar innovation process is another process for maintaining the energy conservation and support the strategic implementation of the nation (Grindle, Siddiqi and Anadon 2015). Scientific research and technological innovations In case of Australia, research techniques and innovations are being introduced to maintain this process of sustainability of water and energy process. Green Growth is a productive process of water sustainability that provides the consumption of non-renewable energy and continues the use of high-value use. In the aspect of climatic change and estimated population is a concern this strategic change in Australia must enhance the demographical and exponential growth of the nation. Australian agricultural activity is depended on the water usefulness and this management innovation can serve the advancement in technological aspect and water supply and distribution throughout the country. Annual renewable water resource form this innovative implementation figured as 400,000 GL which has been used in manufacturing products, mining sections, urban distribution, agriculture and other issues (Brookes and Carey 2015). R D innovation program is a technological implementation that provides increas ed productivity and mitigates the environmental changes and restores the useful resources. Installation of low energy high-efficiency pumping, groundwater extraction, and monolayer based evaporation reservoir, harvest storm-water, bio-filter stormwater, territory waste water all these are the supply and treatment process that ensures the highest value of the nation by implementing those technological impacts. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia has implemented the government leads plan KAPSARC which revised the climate research method and advances the energy efficiency in global development and aim to lead in the energy market. Technological enhancement like CCS is the major renewable process that created for the development of UAE structural framework. There are certain Saudi universities who have indulged in this process of power and resource gathering where the technical implementation and scientific amalgamation of blending are quite helpful for the development of the country (Ouda 2014). The nation has the potential of converting their oil into gas and energy generation however for the change in the environmental and economic section they have to confront this strategic scientific implementation and technological invention. Initiative took from Non-government organization There are different nongovernmental organizations in Australia who have worked on the best viability of water and power conservation. Water efficiency and the supply of groundwater and capturing the rainwater form stadium roof and applied them in toilet ground is the purpose to mitigate the water effect and sanitation cleaning process. Australian Lutheran World Service, Action Aid Australia, Act for Peace- National Council of Churches Australia all these are the nongovernmental organization and they have the good involvement in this process of acceleration in water and energy viability (Jones 2014). From the implementation of new innovations, daily consumption of water has dropped down in an emphatic manner in different sections. Inver may park tank is being used in this process and 60,000 liters of water has been stored. Possible movement in the fluorescent tube or the change in LED lights is the concern alteration that has also mitigate the energy expenses and conserve the energy i n a good manner (Ghaffour, Missimer and Amy 2013). The annual energy consumption has been reduced to the 100,000kWh per year by the implementation of new strategic changes and technological assistance. In case of Saudi Arabia, development and estimation of nongovernmental organization and their effective indulge situation in the contemporary process of sustainability can provide the strong recommendation in this prospect. The nongovernmental organization like Human Rights Watch, International Islamic Relief Organization, al-Haramain Foundation all these working on the estimating requirement of power and water usage (Marchettini et al. 2014). This is the way of help generation that these organizations have done and implementing the innovation system and provides the best possible way to sustain water and energy in their nation. Projects Exemplar Australian projects like Eco Smart Biz, Community engagement process to provide knowledge about the water and power conservation, different collaboration process to assist the safe and secure water extraction is the wider settlement of innovative programs (environment.gov.au 2017). The Green Effective plan is the kind of exemplar project that provide the operation energy and power of sustainability in water and power section for the implemented strategic change and impose session. On the other hand, Saudi Arabian projects have provided relative strength in mechanism and explore the possible reinforce to the improvement of water and energy viability. The changing process of PV module or the HYSOLAR programs is the creating mannerism that can influence the contribution to the natural resources as well (saudi.gov.sa 2017). In case of exemplar discussion the natural reservoir of water conservations like Saq-Ram, Wajid aquifer is the main source of sustainability of water. Distillation of water pipes and the intervention of the technical aspects are the discursive mart of fulfilling the sustainable criteria. In case of the establishment, the right way of renewable energy sources and the natural water effectiveness with the power of research and technical assistance enhance the process. Conclusion The potential change in water energy and change in the environmental demographic process are featuring the landscape for the efficient measure extension for the sustainable condition of the nation. Water Demand Management and the wise consumption of significant irrational use of water is the application process of convinced measure and educating the judicious use of awareness. If the use of power consumption and wastewater controlling has been done in an effective way then the problem from these issues may be mitigated and urbanized area controlling by supplying water will be more specific and well under control. The issues are same for the Saudi Arabia, as the country has enough demand regarding the oil mines thus the controlling energy through the process and use of that energy for the development of nation and to build more natural water sustainability for the economic, social and environmental efficiency is relevant and important as well for the development of the world. References Alshuwaikhat, H.M., Abubakar, I.R., Aina, Y.A. and Saghir, B., 2017. Networking the Sustainable Campus Awards: Engaging with the Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries. InHandbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education(pp. 93-107). Springer International Publishing. atse.org.au (2017) Available from: https://www.atse.org.au/Documents/reports/sustainable-water-management-report.pdf [Accessed on 8th October 2017] Brookes, J.D. and Carey, C.C., 2015. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.UN Chronicle,51(4), pp.15-16. environment.gov.au (2017) Available from: https://www.environment.gov.au/water [Accessed on 8th October 2017] Ghaffour, N., Missimer, T.M. and Amy, G.L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.Desalination,309, pp.197-207. Grafton, R.Q. and Horne, J., 2014. Water markets in the Murray-Darling basin.Agricultural Water Management,145(C), pp.61-71. Grindle, A.K., Siddiqi, A. and Anadon, L.D., 2015. Food security amidst water scarcity: Insights on sustainable food production from Saudi Arabia.Sustainable Production and Consumption,2, pp.67-78. Jones, J.A.A., 2014.Water sustainability: a global perspective. Routledge. Marchettini, N., Brebbia, C.A., Pulselli, R. and Bastianoni, S. eds., 2014.The Sustainable City IX: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability (2 Volume Set)(Vol. 191). Wit Press. Ouda, O.K., 2014. Impacts of agricultural policy on irrigation water demand: A case study of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Water Resources Development,30(2), pp.282-292. saudi.gov.sa (2017) Available from: https://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/snp/pages/sustainableDevelopment/!ut/p/z0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zifQxNHT2c3Q18DELc3Qwc_dwtPCzNjA38vQ30g1Pz9AuyHRUB0Yekqg!!/ [Accessed on 7th October 2017] Thejaps.org.pk (2017) Available from: https://thejaps.org.pk/docs/21-3/8.pdf [Accessed on 7th October 2017]

Essay Writing Tips - An Essay on Civil Rights Cannot Be Complete Without Writing About the Past

Essay Writing Tips - An Essay on Civil Rights Cannot Be Complete Without Writing About the PastAny good teacher can tell you that an essay on civil rights has a unique form of grammar that is imperative to write an essay about our civil rights. Many writers do not fully understand the vocabulary used in this type of essay and are left wondering if they are creating an effective article on civil rights. In this article I will give you a few tips that can help you ensure your essay has the necessary skill to make an excellent article on civil rights.First, you must address the main theme of the essay. When we think of a civil rights article, we automatically think of the one issue that caused a great deal of division during the civil rights movement. Many people remember the marches in Selma and Montgomery Alabama but unfortunately the events that led to those two important victories occurred many years before. Your essay should use the power of the written word to bring back memories from this time period as well as provide you with the information you need to bring down barriers.Secondly, you must rely on primary source material. Unfortunately, many schools of thought on the subject of civil rights came to dominate the written word in the 1940's and 1950's. If you want to be successful in writing an essay on civil rights then you must learn how to avoid such biases that will diminish your writing.Third, you must know the right history when it comes to civil rights. The history of the civil rights movement can be a confusing subject and it is important to be knowledgeable about the primary causes of the movement. Avoid repeating stories that were not originally intended to be the focus of the essay and avoid simple generalizations.Fourth, you must be cautious when using quotations from a single person or source. When you want to include the thoughts of a source in your essay, you must make sure you do not directly quote him or her. Do not place aquote directly i n your own voice, unless you plan to use the quote in the conclusion.Fifth, your essay should provide enough details to convince a reader that the issues of the civil rights movement have lived on. By this I mean that the movements for civil rights are still active today. Often, in order to avoid being labeled a racist you must be careful in what you say. However, if you cannot keep your facts straight, you should certainly try to back up your statements with primary source information that you believe supports your ideas.Sixth, the essay should begin by establishing your connection to the topic. Whether it is about the history of civil rights or one of the participants, the beginning of the essay should establish your connection to the topic. This is a very important concept that can be hard to grasp for most writers. While you must be aware of the different versions of the civil rights movement, the start of the essay should establish that you are writing about the subject.Finally , your essay is your chance to bring back the memory of the past. You must not leave out any of the evidence that provides a real basis for your conclusion. Without a strong argument you will be unable to persuade your readers.

How Does Tom Buchanan Represent 1920s Society in the Great Gatsby free essay sample

Fitzgerald has done this, as he does not like men whose lives mirror Toms. Tom is a violent man, who is completely in control of the women in his life. He shows how disrespectful some men were to women. For example, he breaks his mistress Myrtles nose. In the Great Gatsby Tom is represented as a muscular â€Å"brute† of a man with a short temper and little morals, these characteristics are shown throughout the book through his actions, the first being his complete lack of morals as he has an affair with another man’s wife, Myrtle, and even lies to her, saying that Daisy is a â€Å"catholic† and she does not â€Å"believe in divorce†. This anti-moralistic attitude that Tom employs is directly representative of 1920’s society, as not only was this a time when there was increased sexual independence (especially within women) but it was also a time when morals were dropped and the society as a whole became much more careless. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Tom Buchanan Represent 1920s Society in the Great Gatsby? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The anti-moralistic arrogance was enthused by the criminal underworld which in many ways was fuelled by the prohibition of alcohol. Tom’s short temper is also shown throughout the book and is particularly prevalent when he strikes myrtle when he is drunk, â€Å"making a short, deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand† this misogynistic part of his personality again creates links between him and the 1920’s society, as, women were becoming less and less respected as they became more independent this idea is encouraged by Tom as he treats women like second class citizens, even his wife whom he cheats on for the entire length of the book. However Tom is not completely representative of the entire 1920’s society, despite the luxuries that a massive amount of people had in this era, as shown in the book through most of the characters. However, there were people in the 1920’s who experienced severe poverty and this is shown in some parts of the book especially through George Wilson as he struggles to survive whilst others such as Tom and Gatsby live a life of luxury with money they will never spend. Tom’s treatment of George in many ways has direct links to the treatment of the poor by the rich in the 1920’s as they exploited them through their desperation, employing them into the underworld to perform dangerous jobs for little money. In the same way Tom treats George poorly through his reluctance to give him a car for him to sell and the enormous factor that he has an affair with his wife. Toms affair with Myrtle Wilson emphasizes both moral blindness and the refusal to condemn wrongdoings. Tom willingly admits his affair, yet Daisy has come to ignore it, at least outwardly. Tom thinks that Daisy will understand his affairs, believing Once and a while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time. The fact that Daisy refuses to condemn Toms actions adds to Fitzgeralds portrayal of societys view on sin during the 1920s. Because society during the 1920s doesnt hold marriage in the position that perhaps their parents and grandparent did, they tolerate sins such as infidelity and lust, this acceptance of many of these sins was also a great factor in the rise of underworld criminality. In conclusion Tom does not necessarily represent the entire 1920’s society, however he does represent a lot of their values, such as carelessness, immorality and the large amount of money that he possessed.

Free Essays on E-payments

E-Payments The Internet has taken its place beside the telephone and television as an important part of people's lives. Consumers use the Internet to shop, bank and invest online. Most consumers and businesses still use credit or debit cards to pay for online purchases making this the main way for people to pay over the Internet. Even with this fact, technologies such as e-wallets and digital certificates are making big strides into the arena of E-commerce. And how would you like to pay? Most online shoppers use credit cards to pay for their online purchases. But debit cards - which authorize merchants to debit your bank account electronically - are increasing in use. Your debit card may be an automated teller machine (ATM) card that can be used for retail purchases. To complete a debit card transaction, you may have to use a personal identification number (PIN), some form of a signature or other identification, or a combination of these identifiers. Some cards have both credit and debit features: You select the payment option at the point-of-sale. But remember, although a debit card may look like a credit card, the money for debit purchases is transferred almost immediately from your bank account to the merchant's account. In addition, your liability limits for a lost or stolen debit card and unauthorized use are different from your liability if your credit card is lost, stolen or used without your authorization This can create a hassle for both you and your custom ers. In tge business world, that can be very damageing. E-payments can be a the answer that you are looking for. New electronic payment systems, sometimes referred to as "electronic money" or "e-money", are beginning to evolve. Their goal is to make purchasing simpler for both the customer and the business. For example, "stored-value" cards let you transfer cash value to a card. They're commonly used on public transportation, at colleges and universities and at gas s... Free Essays on E-payments Free Essays on E-payments E-Payments The Internet has taken its place beside the telephone and television as an important part of people's lives. Consumers use the Internet to shop, bank and invest online. Most consumers and businesses still use credit or debit cards to pay for online purchases making this the main way for people to pay over the Internet. Even with this fact, technologies such as e-wallets and digital certificates are making big strides into the arena of E-commerce. And how would you like to pay? Most online shoppers use credit cards to pay for their online purchases. But debit cards - which authorize merchants to debit your bank account electronically - are increasing in use. Your debit card may be an automated teller machine (ATM) card that can be used for retail purchases. To complete a debit card transaction, you may have to use a personal identification number (PIN), some form of a signature or other identification, or a combination of these identifiers. Some cards have both credit and debit features: You select the payment option at the point-of-sale. But remember, although a debit card may look like a credit card, the money for debit purchases is transferred almost immediately from your bank account to the merchant's account. In addition, your liability limits for a lost or stolen debit card and unauthorized use are different from your liability if your credit card is lost, stolen or used without your authorization This can create a hassle for both you and your custom ers. In tge business world, that can be very damageing. E-payments can be a the answer that you are looking for. New electronic payment systems, sometimes referred to as "electronic money" or "e-money", are beginning to evolve. Their goal is to make purchasing simpler for both the customer and the business. For example, "stored-value" cards let you transfer cash value to a card. They're commonly used on public transportation, at colleges and universities and at gas s...

DETECTION OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES IN SERUM USING AN ELISA TECHNIQUE Essay

DETECTION OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES IN SERUM USING AN ELISA TECHNIQUE - Essay Example These immunoglobulins are of five types and they are different based on size, charge, amino acid composition and carbohydrate content. the class and the type of immunoglobulin molecule is determined by the heavy chain type. There are two light chains and two heavy chains. There are C and N- terminal in the heavy chains. (Crowther 1995). The N-terminals of the IgG constitute the antigen -binding site. Individuals can become resistant to many infectious diseases by active or passive immunization. The beneficial effects of the immunization are mediated by the antibodies and the effect of immunization is mediated by the immunoassays. (Crowther 2001). The measurement of the antigen and antibody by using sensitive assays are the useful indicators of the immune status. When an infectious agent enters the human body, the component is identified as the foreign particle and antibodies are produced against them. These antibodies interact with the antigens and reduce the load. (Edwards 1999). Th e immunoassay method identifies the antigens, antigen - particles present in the blood and provide the results. Each antibody is specific for an antigen. ELISA is basically of two types: competitive and non-competitive ELISA. ELISA involves two site recognition with two different antibodies (i.e.) an indirect estimation. Competitive ELISA is different from the sandwich ELISA and indirect ELISA. In the first step the unlabelled antibody is incubated on the presence of the antigen. This antigen-antibody bounded is added to the antigen- coated well. The plate is washed and the second antibody specific to the primary antibody is added and the second antibody is coupled to the enzyme. When the substrate is added, the signal is emitted by the remaining enzyme. In this ELISA, if the antigen concentration is very high, then the signal will be very weak. This method is mainly used to test the impure and crude samples. This method is very useful for the detection of HIV. For HIV diagnosis, th e patient's sample and the enzyme-labeled antibody (conjugate) is added simultaneously to the solid phase. HIV antibodies, if present in the sample will bind to the conjugate antibody and reduce the signal. Thus if the color reaction is produced, then it indicates that there are no HIV antibodies in the given sample. Applications of ELISA include screening of the donated blood for viral contaminations( HIV types, Hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and 2), measuring the hormone levels( pregnancy(HCG), ovulation( LH), thyroid function ( TSH, T3 and T4), anabolic steroids, hormones), detecting infections( HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gondii), detecting allergens in foods and toxins in foods, measuring the concentration of the antibodies and detecting illicit drugs ( cocaine, opiates, marijuana, etc.), measuring auto antibodies in autoimmune diseases and measuring rheumatoid factors . (Sheehan 1997). (Wreghitt and Morgan-Capner 1990). Principle When an antibody is linked to the enzyme and allowed t o react with the immobilized antigen, antigen-antibody reaction occurs. This is identified by the production of colour by the substrate enzyme reaction. The antigen is immobilised in either a microtiter plate or on nitrocellulose membrane. An enzyme labelled antibody is added in excess to the system and these binds to the immobilised antigen. Excess antibody is removed by washing and the substrate specific for the

What adjustments to prices could Moscows Kofe Haus Essay

What adjustments to prices could Moscows Kofe Haus (КÐ ¾Ã'„Ð µ Ð ¥Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ·) restaurant formulate in order to draw more customers during the recession - Essay Example Many assumptions will have to be made due to a lack of good market data, typical of the non-transparent Russian business operating environment. An anecdotal SWOT analysis and literature review was conducted to find solutions to the difficult economic conditions confronting COFFEE HOUSE in the global recession. Marketing strategies and business models from North America were examined. Local competition was surveyed and the target market consumer was profiled. Although the North American market leaders have a dominant world position, they have also suffered during the recession. Not all the strategies and tactics are applicable in the Russian market; but some techniques were adapted with some reservation. COFFEE HOUSEs strength lies in its long history adapting to local market conditions, close contact and development of loyal customers. An evolving strategy must respond to deteriorating purchasing power of consumers and possible loss of market share to new competitors. A shift away from food-based price discounts towards value-based espresso drinks is recommended. The retail hospitality industry is generally vulnerable to downward swings in the economy. Coffee retailers in specific exist in an extremely competive environment and need a strong strategy to survive. The retail coffee market is generally susceptible to fickle consumer tastes and highly price sensitive. Russian coffee and tea franchises are relatively young and it is assumed that much can be learned from experiences in the international arena where a longer track record is evident. Additionally, the hotter competitive scene in mature markets may provide excellent examples for where the Russian market can expect to evolve. Coffee establishments in North America, Europe and Australia have already weathered economic downturns and have applied creative tactics to maintain profitability. These examples, if carefully selected fit unique Russian consumer demands, may provide a attractive pathways

Human Resources - how individuals are managed within an organisation Essay Example for Free

Human Resources how individuals are managed within an organisation Essay Introduction People are an extremely important resource for any organisation. To be a successful business you need to employ staff with the right qualifications skills and experience. The employees of an organisation are collectively known as its human resources, in many organisations, both public and private, the human resources department is also known as the personnel department. However, the difference in name reflects a shift in emphasis from a purely recruitment and welfare role to a greater concern about how to maximise the performance of staff. Human resource management is also an integral part of many job roles. There are many duties performed by a typical human resources department. These duties include drawing up and implementing equal opportunities and health and safety policies, staff consultation, negotiation, appraisal and staff development, as well as training, recruitment and selection of staff. They are the most important resource in the production of goods ands services. Many aspects of the employer-employee relationship are covered by legislation. However, employers are recognising increasingly that good human resource management practice, which goes beyond the letter of the law, can generate benefits for both the organisation and the individual. The role of human resources Human resource management involves managing a range of roles relating to people employed by a business including: Recruitment The personnel department must advertise accordingly and try to attract the best candidates for the job, and the recruit the best applicants. If the wrong person is recruited, and then finds the job boring or too difficult, then the business will not get the most out of its human resources. Also where employees need to be flexible and autonomous and where direct control over employees is difficult, recruitment is becoming more and more important. To make sure the best person is chosen, personnel departments must be clear about: * What the job entails * What qualities the job requires * What rewards is needed to retain and motivate employees. There are many stages of recruiting, they are: 1. Analyse what the job entails and decide what sort of person is needed. 2. Decide how the vacancy is to be advertised or announced. 3. The selection process needs to be planned and conducted in such a way as to ensure that the best candidate is successful. Training involves employees being taught new skills or improving skills they have already have. Why might a business train its employees? It is argued that a well-trained work force has certain benefits for a business. * Well-trained workers should be more productive. This will help the business to achieve its overall objectives such as increasing profits. * It should help to create a more flexible work force. If a business needs to increase production, workers then have to be trained in new tasks. * New machinery or production processes can be introduced more effectively, if the staff are trained. * It should lead to increased job satisfaction to employees. Well-motivated workers are more likely to be more productive. * It should reduce accidents and injuries if employees are trained in health and safety procedures. * It may improve the image of the company. * It can improve employees chances of promotion. How does a firm know if training is required? One method might be to use the job description to find the skills and knowledge needed to do the job. If the employees skills do not match up with the ones in the job description, then there is a need for re-training. Employees can also be asked about areas where they are not quite as confident, and think may need a little work on. This should make them more committed to training. Training needs are found at different levels within a business. Training is often divided into on-the-job-training and off-the-job-training. On-the-job-training takes place when employees are trained while they are carrying out an activity, often at their place of work. Off-the-job training takes place away from the job, at a different location. It may involve the employee being released for periods of time to attend courses at colleges or other institutions. This is by far the most popular form of training. One vital key task of HRM is to keep up to date with employment legislation (UK and EU) and to remain alert to the implications of such legislation for the firm and the workers. The main aim of such legislation is to ensure that employees rights are protected. Basic rights include: * Employees must receive a written statement of terms and conditions of employment within 13 weeks of starting work. * They must be paid the same as other people who carry out identical or similar jobs. * Working conditions must be safe and healthy. * Workers cannot be dismissed unfairly. * Employers must not discriminate against any member of staff. Employees have basic rights to: * They are expected to comply with the terms of their contract. * To do jobs with care and skill, to the acceptable standard. * Observe health and safety regulations. * Not to damage the firms property. There are many other responsibilities that then form the basis of the contract of employment. The contract is formed as soon as the employer offers a person a job and they accept it. Motivation at work For many years firms have given financial rewards in an attempt to motivate employees and improve productivity. However in the last 2 or 3 decades firms have realised that: * the chance to earn more money may not be an effective motivator * financial incentive schemes are difficult to operate * individual reward schemes may no longer be effective as production has become organised into group tasks * other factors may be more important in motivating employees If other factors are more important than pay in motivating workers, it is important for firms to identify them. Only then can a business make sure its work force is motivated. Team work The Swedish car firm Volvo is a well-known example of a company that has effectively introduced teamwork. In both its plants at Kalmar and Uddevalla, it set up production in teams of 8-10 highly skilled workers. The teams decided between themselves how the work was to be distributed and how to solve problems as they arise. It is arguable whether these practices lead to an increase in productivity, but the company firmly believes this method of organisation was better than an assembly line system a similar system is used at Honda UK but with four person teams. If the firm is always changing due to the market, which is causing it to either, expand or de-layer. Then they will have to change the work force accordingly. The case study that I will be looking at is a position as a secretary for Ratcliffe College. P1- Recruitment One of the most important responsibilities of Human resource function is recruitment and selection. The costs of recruitment, training and retaining employees are high, but the costs of selecting the wrong people or losing key members of staff can be even higher. The processes of recruitment and selection must always relate the requirement for skilled staff to the business needs of the organisation. It is also essential that potential candidates be treated fairly. When vacancies arise because existing staff move to other jobs, retire or have to leave work because of illness. Some vacancies occur because the organisation expands or is restructured. Before the organisation advertises a post, it needs to decide whether there is a real need for the position to be filled. It might consider the following alternatives: * Amalgamating one job with another * Giving existing staff overtime * Recruiting temporary staff * Increasing the use of technology or machinery * Once an organisation decides that a vacancy exists, the recruitment process begins. Internal recruitment Internal recruitment strengthens employees commitment to the company, for example Kelloggs have stated the following in their recruitment policy handbook: * Offer the job to an existing employee, as a promotion or transfer * Advertise internally, if suitable candidate is likely to available internally * Advertise externally if no suitable candidate is likely to exist internally(and display notice internally to the effect that the advertisement is appearing) Except in special cases, all vacancies should be advertised internally before external recruitment methods are used. There are a number of advantages to advertising jobs inside the business. * It gives employees within the company a chance to develop their career * There may be a shorter induction period as the employee is likely to be familiar with the company * Employers will know more about internal candidates abilities. This should reduce the risk of employing the wrong person * Internal recruitment may be quicker and less expensive than recruiting from outside the business. However, there are also disadvantages. * Internal advertising limits the number of applicants * External candidates might have been better quality * Another vacancy will be created which might have to be filled * If having investigated ways of filling the vacancy internally the business still does not appoint, then it must find ways to obtain candidates externally. External recruitment There are many ways of attracting candidates from outside the company. The choice of method often depends on the type of vacancy and the type of employee a business wants. Each method has its own benefits and problem, although it could be argued that the overall advantages of external advertising are the opposite of the disadvantages of internal advertising, for example, there is a wider number of applicants. Commercial employment agencies, these are companies that specialise in recruiting and selection. They usually provide a shortlist of candidates for a company to interview, but can also provide temporary workers. For example HMS, Alfred Marks and Kelly Accountancy Personnel. The advantage of commercial agencies is that they are experienced in providing certain types of worker, such as secretaries and clerical staff. They also minimise the administration for the employer involved in recruiting staff. Their main drawback is that they tend to produce staff that only stay in a job for a short time. Another problem for the business is the cost of paying fees to the agency. Recruitment and selection P2-Personnel Specification The first step is to prepare a job description. Before writing a job description, the job itself has to be analysed. This will identify the skills needed to perform the job and will also allow management to consider the overall effectiveness of the post and whether any changes are necessary. Clear job descriptions form the basis for preparing advertisements and for drawing up person specifications. Once individuals are in the post, job descriptions allow them to know exactly what their roles are, and what is expected of them. Before writing a job description, the job itself has to be analysed. This will identify the skills needed to perform the job and will also allow management to consider the overall effectiveness of the post and whether any changes are necessary. Clear job descriptions form the basis for preparing advertisements and for drawing up person specifications. Once individuals are in a post, job description allow them to know exactly what their roles are, and what is expected of them. When preparing a job description, it is important that the business to look to: * Describe the job accurately- if you overstate or understate the requirements of the job, you will be less likely to attract suitable applicants * Avoid discriminatory descriptions wording that implies one sex is preferable to another is unfair, illegal and unnecessarily restricts the number of people you are able to choose from. Below is an example of a job description, advertised in the local paper, for my case study. Ratcliffe College Job title School secretary Department: Administration, including Bursary Location Ratcliffe College, Ratcliffe-on-the-Wreake Salary à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15,000- 20,000 Requirements for the job: * Enthusiastic, sociable, hard working person. * Taking care of any paper work regarding the school, and answering calls throughout the day on any matter. * Computer skills and experience of working in an office. General information * The hours per day would from 9am-5pm, 5 days a week. * There is a team of six people who deal with the administration of the school; this includes the bursar, the head masters secretary and the four secretaries. The profile of the best person to fill a job is a vital reference document to use during the selection process. It helps eliminate unsuitable candidates, guides interviewers and allows selectors to compare candidates objectively. The following are the key areas in drawing up a person specification: * Knowledge and understanding required for the job * Skills and abilities required for the job * Experience required for the job * Educational requirements The following shows a person specification: To fill the receptionist post we are looking for people with most of the following qualifications: 1. GCSEs in Maths and English, additional qualifications such as computer skills required. 2. The applicant must have had previous experience in an office environment 3. Must be computer literate, and able to use a photocopier. 4. Must have an outgoing, friendly personality, and able to communicate efficiently with students and fellow members of staff alike. Most importantly, they must be able to answer the telephone and help with any enquiries. When preparing person specifications, there are several pitfalls to be avoided. * Asking for higher qualifications than are needed, it runs the risk of passing over less-qualified staff who are likely to become frustrated in positions that fail to extend their abilities * Asking for someone with particular or extensive experience, an individual with the right aptitudes, skills and temperament may be a quick learner * Stipulating particular age requirements, tasks that are traditionally regarded as junior can often be done as well, if not better, by older staff. Similar, jobs that have been regarded as the preserve of more mature employees may be performed by able, qualified and highly motivated young people. * Defining narrow physical requirements, these must only be specified where the requirement is genuine and essential. Remember that the specification of physical attributes can lead to direct or indirect discrimination. * Basing your specification on someone who is already doing the job, no matter how good that person might be, he or she is a unique individual and no one else will be a perfect replacement. The newcomer will bring his or her own personality, values and skills. P3-Reviewing Applications Miss Puddleduck- she seems to be able to get on with people and handle situations, as we can see this from her working as a carer in an Elderly Home. She is the eldest to apply for the job and has a good amount of previous experience, which give her the skills needed, like office and computer work. Seems to be a hard work and has good communication skills, and also she has worked with children before so is a strong candidate. From her CV I see that she has three young children, This may cause a problem, as she has a live-in child minder. Mr Langer- Mr Langer sent in an application form with exceptional exam results both from GCSE and A level. He gave some job experience which all showed experience but nothing that was relevant to the job description. His letter of application was very short with not much detail. Being as he hadnt any experience in secretarial duties then I would have thought that he would have tried to impress me through the letter of application. This didnt happen but because of his good exam results I offered him an interview hoping he would have something to offer the company. Mr Langers CV was average, he had typed it out so that it looked neat, and it was set well but the contented which he needed to impress me wasnt there. Mr Langer was a very intellectual young man by the language which he had used on his recruitment forms and his given exam results but unfortunately he didnt have the relevant experience to offer this post. Miss Hill- the weakest candidate looking from her application form, but she seems to be enthusiastic over the job, but from her CV she says she likes socialising, which may be a downfall as she may need to come in any day of the week. Miss Hill has no previous experience. From the CV her GCSE grades are not excellent, however, she has passed English and maths, and has computer skills. I am not sure how well she can communicate with people of different ages, as I have no evidence that she can. However, as she is young she may find it easier to communicate with the student, but she must be able to communicate effectively with the adults as well. She also has a young child, so she may know how to get on with the younger generation in the school Miss Hill has a young child, which could mean that she will need time off work to look after it. She states that her mum could look after the child at the weekends if necessary, however, her mum may not be available in the week if the child is unable to go to playgroup. So it may cause difficulties in the future, as she may have difficulties finding someone to look after the child or she may have to take days off. P4-Contract of employment Once a business has selected an employee, the successful candidates must be appointed. Once appointed. Employees are entitled to a Contract of Employment. This is an agreement between the employer and the employee under which each has certain obligations. It is binding to both parties in the agreement, the employer and the employee. This means that it is unlawful to break the terms and conditions in the contract without the other party agreeing. As soon as an employee starts work, and therefore demonstrates that she accepts the terms offered by the employer, the contract comes into existence. It is sometimes a written contract, although a verbal agreement or implied agreements are also contracts of employment. The employment Right Act, 1996 requires employers to give employees taken on for one month or more a written statement within two months of appointment. This written statement sets out the terms and conditions in the contract. Some common features shown in the written statement are: * The names of the employer and the name of the employee * The date on which the employment is to begin * The job title * The terms and conditions of employment * Remuneration and pay interval; * Hours of work; * Entitlement to sick leave and pay (if any) * Pensions; * Period of notice for employer and employee; * Disciplinary and Grievance procedures. Certain employment protection rights cover employees that are appointed by a business. Government legislation makes it a duty of employers to safeguard these rights. They fall into a number of areas. * Discrimination. Employees cannot be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race or disability. So, for example, a business cannot refuse to appoint a candidate for a job only because that person is female. * Pay. Employees must be paid the same rate as other employees doing the same job, a similar job or a job with equal demands. They also have the right to itemised pay statements and not to have pay deducted for unlawful reasons. Other conditions which may be included are: the need for medical examinations, working from different locations, the right to search employees, the need for confidentiality and the need to obey the specific rules of the organisation. If the employer fails to provide a written statement of the main terms and conditions of employment, an employee could exercise his or her legal right to ask an industrial tribunal to decide what ought to have been in the written statement. This is then imposed upon the employer. Employers with more than twenty employees are also obliged to ensure that every employee has a copy of the disciplinary and grievance procedures. Employers have always wanted workers to be as flexible as possible. In the past this has meant paying overtime for extra hours worked, or higher rates for shift work. Faced with competition, businesses attempted to use their existing employees more efficiently. Sometimes this could benefit the employee. An example of a situation in Adams is a single woman with a child was able to work between the hours of 9 am to 3 p.m. each day while her child is at school. Working flexible hours could mean an employee may take time off for personal reasons and still work their required number of hours a week. Training would also be given to workers so they become multi -skilled able to switch from one job to another if needed. This example of job rotation may perhaps lead to the employee being more motivated. From a firms point of view, an employee that can change jobs may prevent the need to have temporary workers to cover for illness etc. and so reduce labour costs. An example of this is the workstyle initiative at Adams, where team working has been introduced so that workers can change from one process to another and do the work of others in the team if necessary. In 1985 John Atkinson and the Institute of Manpower Studies developed the idea of the flexible firm. They suggested that businesses have a core and a periphery. As a result of increasing competition, firms have attempted to make the workforce as flexible as possible, to increase productivity, reduce costs and react more quickly to change. The business would try to motivate core workers, giving them job security, and employ periphery workers only when needed. Increasingly employers looked to make plans that allow a business to respond to changes. For example, if a large unexpected order arrives, a business will need workers that can get it out on time. Using a flexible workforce enables a business to react effectively to changes that take place outside the business. Examples of workers that are used by a business includes: * Part time employees. * Temporary employees to deal with increases in demand. * Workers on zero hours contracts who are employed by the business but only work and are paid when both the business and the employee agree. * Workers who work to annualised hours contracts, where they work a certain number of hours over a year rather than in a week. * Workers who bank time, by not working when demand is slack but being asked to work that time at a later date. * Office temporary workers to cover for illness. * Self-employed workers. * Job sharing, where two workers are employed to do a full time job that in the past have been carried out by the one person. P5-My Performance in the Interview Before the interview 1. The interviewer should check that the interview arrangements are satisfactory: * Is the seating adequate? * Is the lighting satisfactory? * Is the room quiet or private? * Has it been ensured that the interview will not be disrupted? * Has access for candidates with a physical disability been checked? 2. Check through the job description and the person specification. 3. Read the application forms again, not any special questions or queries. 4. Write down the agreed questions that every candidate will have to answer, so they can make comparisons of each interviewee, this could including: * Why did you apply for this job? * Why did you apply to this organisation? 5. At the beginning of the interview every candidate should be welcomed by name and invited to sit down. 6. Begin the interview with an open or easy question, which should help the interviewees to relax. 7. The interviewer should always stay calm and uninvolved and be ready to listen 8. Keep observing the candidates. Watch for body language signal such as: * The way they sit * Arm and hand movements * Eye movements and eye contact * Voice 9. At the end of the interview the interviewer should: * Thank the candidate * Find out if the candidate has any questions or wants to add anything; * Find out when the candidate could start work; * Ask whether the candidate still wants the job * Tell the candidate how and when they will be told the result of the interview After the Interview 1. The candidates should leave feeling that they have had a fair hearing. An interviewer can ask either open or closed questions. * Open questions cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. Answering them allows individuals to express their opinions and to talk at length. Here are some examples of open-ended questions. What did you enjoy most about a particular job? Which skills do you think would be most useful in this post? How do you plan to achieve that? * Closed questions require a simple yes or no answer. It will always be necessary to ask a few closed questions, but their use should be restricted. Closed questions do not allow the candidate to talk freely, and they can make the interview somewhat stilted, with the interviewer doing most of the talking. When I was the interviewer I asked open ended questions, which allowed me to find out more about the candidate personality as well as there attitude to work. However from my colleagues point of view I was told that I was to laid back towards the candidate and to disorganise, this was because I had not gone through the CVs and the application form. This could have meant that I missed some vital information about the candidates. Also I did not write any information down about each candidate, which meant that I could not remember what the candidates where like. Which meant that I could analyse and compare the candidates. As an interviewee I was confident going for the position, willing to answer the questions, with no problems. But in doing this I had not research the position enough, as I had a lack of information about the school. Knowing this would of help me to put across my views on how I would of achieved the job successfully, and showed that I was interested in the job. I feel that during the interviews I fulfilled most of these criteria. The seating was adequate; there were two seats for the interviewers and one doe the candidate. However, there was a desk in between, it would have been better to try and create a more relaxed atmosphere, by either not having the desk at all, or sitting to one side of the desk. I was familiar with the job description and person specification, and had already prepared certain questions for each candidate. I had prepared a sheet with the questions that I was going to ask all of the candidates, a copy of this can be found in the appendix. I welcomed all the candidates by name and shucked there hand, and tried to make them feel welcome. Throughout the interview I used a variety of open and closed questions. I should have used more open than closed questions to allow the candidate to talk more. This would be one aspect I would have to change in future interviews. I thought of some follow up questions, however, could have thought of some more. I observed the candidates several times throughout the interview, which gave me a good idea of their overall body language. At the end of the interview, I allowed the candidates to ask questions, found out when they could start work, and told them when they would hear of the result. I didnt tell them how they would hear of the result, and I forgot to ask then if they were still interested in the job. After the interview I made some brief notes on the way the candidate had reacted during the interview. All these documents remained private between myself and the other interviewer M4-Local Labour Market Employment by sector Leicestershire TEC Area % East midlands % Great Britain % Agriculture Fishing 1,500 0.4 6,900 0.4 71,000 0.3 Energy Water 5,000 1.2 17,600 1.1 214,700 1.0 Manufacturing 116,700 29.4 418,700 25.8 4,060,000 18.0 Construction 13.300 3.3 70,700 4.4 987,900 4.4 Distribution, Hotels restaurants 80,000 20.1 354,800 5.0 1,319,400 5.9 Transport communication 22,000 5.5 81,100 5.0 1,319,400 5.9 Banking, finance Insurance, etc. 58,600 14.8 230,200 14.2 4,183,700 18.6 Public administration, Education Health 85,900 21.6 378,700 23.3 5,496,600 24.4 Other services 14,000 3.5 65,700 4.0 1,068,900 4.7 Total 397,000 100.0 1,623,800 100.0 22,534,900 100.0 The labour market is split up into three different labour sectors: 1. Primary these are businesses that are involved in extracting natural resources from the environment. Examples are the first two rows of the table. 2. Secondary businesses convert the raw materials from the primary sector into a form that can be used by customers. The third and fourth rows on the table are examples of this sector. 3. Tertiary Organisations provide services. The reminding rows are businesses in the tertiary sector. * Manufacturing contributes nearly 30% to GDP and employs some 27% of the workforce, goods produced range from textiles clothing through aerospace engines. However, manufacturing output within the region is forecast to fall by approximately 0.5% in 1999 before recovering in 2000. * Service Sector employment is growing faster than at the national level, but the service sector is still relatively under-represented. IT related employment, in particular, continues to expand. * Agriculture the East Midlands accounts for 10% of UK agricultural output, and employs 45,000 people across the region, rising to nearly one in five of the workforce in some areas. * Unemployment the regional claimant rate has been below the UK rate and currently stands at 3.9% compared to the UK 4.4% for May 1999. Current situation prospects Within the East Midlands, growth in services was estimated to have been stronger than the UK as a whole during 1998. However, the region saw a sharp slowdown in business services growth, reflecting the dependence of the sector on local manufacturing. Manufacturing output declined significantly during 1998, due to deterioration in both domestic and export demand, and a strong pound. Manufacturing output within the region is forecast to continue to decline during 1999, before recovering in 2000. Subdued performance is also expected in retailing distribution, and in transport communications. Overall regional GDP is expected to rise only slightly by 0.3% during 1999, with employment levels expected to remain static. Short-term changes in the GDP by sector (% per year) Manufacturing Services Other All services Fin. Bus. Services 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 E.M. 0.3 0.3 -3.1 1.5 0.2 1.2 4.9 2.2 1.9 6.8 -0.7 -1.9 UK -0.2 -0.2 -3.2 1.3 0.6 0.5 2.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 -1.4 -1.9 Inward investment The region has seen inward investment in manufacturing over recent years. In the first half of 1998 the East Midlands won 16 inward investment projects, which created a total of 2,240 jobs. Approximately 50% of the projects came from the USA. Other inward investment projects within the region include Toyota, the Japanese car manufacturer, which has expanded its plant at Burnaston in Derbyshire at a cost of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200m in order to build a second car model, the Corolla. The region has also been successful in attracting call centres, despite competition. In the future as direct banking and insurance services increase, further investment opportunities are likely to arise for the region. The East Midlands success in attracting inward investment can be explained by its central location, good infrastructure links with the rest of the country, relatively low land prices, and the quality of its workforce. Leicestershires Industrial Profile Leicestershires industrial structure has experienced a long period of change and this change is seen to continue. The manufacturing industry consists of textiles and clothing, electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, food processing, printing and publishing, and pharmaceuticals. In Leicestershire 26% of the population are employed in this sector compared with 19% nationally. The most important manufacturing industry group, in terms of output, remains other manufacturing which includes textiles and food manufacturing, currently accounting for half of all manufacturing output. The fastest growing sector was national transport and communications, with an average annual growth of 9.6% since 1992. This growth largely reflects the advantages of Leicestershire as a central location for distribution Industrial sectors Leicestershire TEC area Leicestershire county Leicester city Rutland 1999 Employee estimates Number % Number % Number % Number % Agriculture Fishing 3,100 0.8 2,700 1.2 0 0 400 3.5 Energy Water 9,200 2.3 5,600 2.4 3,200 2.1 400 3.5 Manufacturing 102,600 26.0 64,300 28.1 36,300 23.8 2,000 17.4 Construction 14900 3.8 10,000 4.4 4,300 2.8 600 5.2 Distribution, Hotels restaurants 83,000 21.1 51,100 22.3 29,200 19.1 2,700 23.5 Transport communication 23,100 5.9 16,100 7.0 6,500 4.3 500 4.3 Banking, finance Insurance, etc. 54,800 13.9 28,100 12.3 25,600 16.8 1,100 9.6 Public administration, Education Health 85,900 21.8 41,900 18.3 40,600 26.6 3,400 39.6 Other services 16,600 4.2 9,300 4.1 6,900 4.5 400 3.5 Total employees 393,200 100.0 229,100 100.0 152,600 100.0 11,500 100.0 M5 Analysing the recruitment documents I think I should have spaced out the application form a bit better and left more room for the forenames and surnames. On the application form I didnt put a space for sex, this should have been entered, as some people may see it as not giving equal opportunities. I think that it is of a good size, and the font is neither too small nor too large, however, if there had been more spaces left, then it may have been easier to read. There is not a final section asking for a supporting statement. This does not give the applicant opportunity to sell themselves. I should have put some spaces in the Employment History section for reason for leaving the job, and also how long they had been at their last job for. This would have given me some indication on how willing they are. Also if I had left space at the end of the form, there would have been space for the candidates to sell themselves, also giving me more information to base my questions on at the interview. There should have also been more space for them to fill in information about their education. In the references section there should be space to show what relationship the person given as a reference is to the candidate. As it is important for companies to enforce equal opportunities I should have had a section in the application form asking if they had a disability, what their ethnic origin is and also what colour they consider themselves (black, white, other, mixed). This should be an optional section; however, I should have included it. I also provided a sheet for the candidates to fill in just before the interview. This is where extra information could be gathered, and if any details have changed since they filled in the application form, then I could be notified of them. The appraisal documents: during the interview I made some basic notes of the candidates performance. These notes included how well they answered the questions, and their body language. I also gave them marks for their body language, their language and how appropriate it was, and how confident they were (1 being the best, and 5 the worst) In my personnel specification, I should have said more about the job so that they know more about the job and what jobs would be involved in the position. Also how to handle parents and children. Also in the job description, I should stated more about what the jobs would be involved with, like handling children from the ages of 5-18, so they need to be patient sometimes and also authoritative. M6-Strengths Weaknesses Mrs Jemima Puddleduck Her letter of application was most impressive. It was typed, set out correctly, and lots of good language was used. The recruitment documents that we received from Mrs Jemima Puddleduck showed that she was a well-educated young lady, showing she had studied both GCSEs, and A levels with excellent grades, and also well qualified. The only factor, which made me a little unsure of her, was that she had children, which I felt it might cause some difficulty about the hours she could work. Plus a degree in sports management. It was a very encouraging letter, outlining her strengths and weaknesses, and also stating any previous relevant work experience as well as any other experience to show her enthusiasm for work. Her experiences in jobs show us a very caring girl and she has taken part in work experience in very useful places. Mrs Jemima Puddleduck sent me a very short but detailed letter of application it was in written form very neat and well set out. Her work experiences have given her experience of what this position requires and I feel she would be an excellent candidate for this job. Mr Brett Langer The documents that were given to us by Brett Langer shows that he is ma very hard working person, we know this by looking at his GCSEs and A Levels. So he should then have the basic skills available to do the job successfully, with A grades in Maths and English in his GCSEs. My impression also was that he may be a little well qualified for the job, nonetheless a very promising candidate. It showed that he had some previous job experience, however, he had never worked in an office before. From the letter of application he seemed to be an all round person, being able to get on with people. We can also see this from his past work experience as a Waiter and Employee at McDonalds, this showing he should be able to get on with any sort of person and situations. The only problem is that he is going to be working on a temporary basis as hes looking for a job in the business sector, so he will only be working here until he finds a job in the business industry. Miss Tracy Hill Miss Hill is the youngest candidate applying for the position as Secretary. The recruitment documents, which we received from Miss Tracy Hill, she seems to be a nice girl but lack the personnel skills and personality for the job. There are concerns on how sociable she is, and how this may affect her work, as she may have to come in on a Saturday or Sunday. She has the basic skills to do the job with having GCSEs in IT, Maths and English. She also has no work experience in any field. She is the weakest candidate for the job, but we have decided to give her a chance to prove us wrong in the interview. Jemima Puddleduck questions 1. Will you be able to come in if there was an emergency? 2. Do you think you be able to handle the children when if they get rowdy? 3. Why have you decided to leave your present job? 4. How long would it take to hand in your notice at your present job? 5. How come you havent decided to go into the sports industry? Brett Langer questions 1. Do you know how to use the basics of computer software? 2. How long do you think you would work here? 3. Will you be able to come in if there was an emergency? 4. Do you think you be able to handle the children when if they get rowdy? 5. Do you think you would get along with the different age groups that go to the school? Tracy Hill question 1. Why did you leave school after your GCSEs? 2. Why havent you got any work experience? 3. Would it be a problem with the hours you work with a child? 4. Who will look after the child? 5. Will you be able to come in if there was an emergency? 6. Do you think you be able to handle the children when they get rowdy? M7-My performance in the Interviews To start off with I was shy, I was not sure how they would react to me, but as the interviews went on my interviewing technique improved and I started to settle down. I found that I didnt really help them to relax and settle down, which made them nervous and allowed them t make mistakes, as they didnt know how to react to me. After settling down I became confident enough to ask the candidate questions about the job and putting them in situations and asking how they would handle a particular situation. Due to this I became to laid back, I was showing poor body language; for example my arms were crossed. I also acted to casual with the candidate; I was told this from my colleagues who were also interviewing the candidate. Due to me being confident and laid back, I asked the candidate opened ended questions, which enabled my colleagues and I to get to know the candidate more intimately and what there personality was like. I also found that I was too disorganised for the interview, compared to my colleagues who where ready for the interview, as they had questions readily decided to ask the candidate. Which didnt show a good impression on the candidate and made me look silly. I also had not gone through the candidates information, which gave me a disadvantage, as I did not ask the relevant information for the job. Which lead to me not writing any information about the candidate, so it made it difficult on which candidate to pick for the job. I think that I also should have changed the tone of voice more, as I felt the candidate was finding the interview was getting to boring. Improvements 1. I should appear to be relaxed from the beginning of the interview so that they can give their best performances through out the interview. 2. I shouldnt act laid back whilst interviewing the candidate. As this gives a bad impression to the interviewee, about the way things are running in the company. 3. I should look through the application documents before I interview the candidate to have some kind of information about the candidate and question to find out more about their personality. 4. It would be more fairer to all the candidates if I took notes on each applicant, so that I can offer the job to the best person, so that I can compare them with there good and bad points and offer the job to the best person. M8 Our own design of a Contract of employment 1. Name of employer:_________________________________ 2. Name of employee:________________________________ 3. Job title: . 4. Salary: . 5. Start date: 6. Pay rate:.. 7. Amount of hours that must be completed in one week:. 8. Leave, you are entitled todays-paid holiday per annum in addition to statutory holidays. The leave is to taken at a time convenient to the employer. 9. Sick pay and allowances: .. 10. Amount of holiday entitlement: . 11. What notice is needed when you want to finish that job:.. to ensure flexibility within our workforce, you will at times be expected to work extra hours as required, but you will normally be given advanced notice of times. 12. Grievance Procedures, if you wish to raise any grievance relating to your employment, you should do so in accordance with the grievance procedure shown in the employee information binder, which can be obtained from the Personal office. 13. Pension scheme, details of the contributory company pension scheme, for which you are eligible, may be obtained from the personnel office. 14. Discipline Rules, the company rules form part of your conditions of employment. These are shown in the Employee Information Binder and it is your responsibility to familiarise yourself with these and observe them at all times.